The Conversion of Saint Paul

The painting "The Conversion of Saint Paul" (1587–1589) by Ludovico Carracci can be seen as a significant breakthrough in the sphere of religious art during the early Italian Baroque era. Being painted for Emilio Zambeccari for his family chapel situated in the Basilica di San Francesco in Bologna, the painting did not follow the fashion of the moment – the mannerist style which was very popular at that time. Instead, the artist created a composition featuring physical movement, psychological depth and drama of the situation.The painting portrays an extraordinary biblical moment from the Book of Acts where Saul, a strong oppressor of early Christians, is thrown off his horse on the way to Damascus by a dazzling light of God’s revelation . What dominates the canvas is chaotic unfolding of the event along powerful diagonal lines which create a high-speed centrifugal motion of the scene. Paul is pictured lying on the ground feeling absolutely defenceless, his body in shock and his horse is rearing behind him. The chaotic decor of Roman soldiers and servants emphasizes the overwhelming miracle of the event. Concerning the essentials, the work is an amazing illustration of the early attempts by Carracci to use theatrical lighting effects in paintings. An angel descends from the swirling mass of dark and gloomy clouds above the earth with a bright flash of heavenly light piercing the darkness. Instead of relying on gradual transitions between tones, Carracci employed dramatic and flickering brush strokes along with chiaroscuro to create the effect of realistic miracle. The painting is now permanently displayed at the Pinacoteca Nazionale di Bologna and enjoys the fame of one of the most prominent examples of Baroque style.