Scholar Viewing a Waterfall

Scholar Viewing a Waterfall is a painting by Ma Yuan, an influential Chinese painter of the Southern Song Dynasty who came from a family of painters. His paintings, together with Xia Gui’s works, formed the Ma-Xia school of painting. In this painting, a scholar stands in a garden-like setting as he pensively stares down at a waterfall. This painting uses precise brushwork to meticulously outline details such as leaves on the trees, ridges on the rocks, and folds on the clothes worn by the scholar and his attendant. The waterfall, on the other hand, is created through ink wash, creating a sense of distance as it fades into the distance. Scholar Viewing a Waterfall is an example of Ma Yuan’s style of creating diagonal compositions, of which is formed through the juxtaposition between densely packed spaces and unfilled emptiness. In the painting, we can see how the two figures, the greenery, the surrounding rocks, and most of the waterfall are all packed into the bottom left corner, while the top right area of the painting is left mostly blank. The tree in this painting exemplifies this split, with its drooping branch outlining the border between the two sides. This kind of composition creates a Yin-Yang-like contrast and focuses visual interest into a corner, earning Ma Yuan the nickname of “One-Corner Ma” (Ma Yijiao).