Illustration to the Akbarnama

Akbar's Reign This painting, currently in the collection of the Victoria and Albert Museum, represents a scene of royal life, belonging to the tradition of illustrated manuscripts produced under the patronage of the Mughal ruler Akbar. This painting by Kesav Kalan and Jagjivan is an illustration found in Akbarnama, the official history of the reign of Akbar written by his court historian Abu'l Fazal. It was acquired by the Victoria and Albert Museum in 1896 from the widow of Major General John Clarke. Clarke had earlier served as the Commissioner of Oudh in India between 1858 and 1862. Painted in opaque watercolour and gold on paper, it illustrates the celebrations marking Emperor Akbar’s return to Fatehpur Sikri after his victory in Gujarat. This painting involves movement within the palace complex with richly decorated elephants, attendants, and officials carefully arranged. Such imagery reflects the grandeur of the Mughal court, with India being called the "Golden Bird." A Persian text written in the Nastaliq script, the official literary style of the Mughal court can be seen in the painting. The Akbarnama is written in Persian, highlighting the strong cultural and administrative influence of Persian traditions in Akbar’s empire. Besides being historically important, the painting stands out for its stunning beauty and artistic refinement.