The Divine Shepherdess (La divina pastora)

The painting "La divina pastora" by Mexican artist José de Paez, one of the most recognized painters in the 18th-century, due to his famous "Castas" paintings, which depicted the social structure of the New Spain in consequence to the ethnic mixing of the population in those years, in addition to his excellent portraits and specially by his religious compositions which can be found in different churches across Latin American countries. "La divina pastora" or the Divine Shepherdess in english, depicts a woman sitting on a land in the middle of the painting, she is surrounded by different figures, which present the spectator with the identity of the figure, the Queen of Heavens, Virgin Mary. In the composition, Mary can be found dressed in elegant pastoral clothing, which consists of a long red dress, an uncommon color for the middle and lower class, a white apron on top and a dark blue cloak that falls from her shoulders to her feet, covered in stars and gold lace. The elements of her clothing are a material representation of her position as a religious figure, Virgin Mary accompanied by the peaceful landscape, soft colors and gentle expressions create a serene atmosphere. The same composition that had been previously praised by critics while the artist was still alive, was later criticized as sweet and cloying in the next century. Furthermore, in the artwork the artist choose to portray Mary as a compassionate queen, who takes the role of a shepherd who watches over her herd, around her head a faint crown can be found, and two angels above her can be seen waiting to crown her. In addition, the sheep represent the believers, which emphasizes themes of mercy and salvation, in relation to this symbolism Virgin Mary's posture and serene gaze symbolize her concern for humanity and the bridge between humans and God.