The painting "Fray Bartolomé de las Casas" by Mexican artist Félix Parra, painted in 1875 during his studies at the Escuela Nacional de Bellas Artes, became one of the most representative paintings of the Mexican cultural landscape after the restoration of the Republic in 1867. The painting depicts Fray Bartolomé, a religious Dominican figure, who is the author of a famous book called "The Destruction of the Indies", which sought to highlight the abuses the Indigenous people had lived since the start of "La Conquista" and defended them. who becomes the counterpart to the military conquest, highlighting the countless crimes committed against the indigenous people. In the composition of the painting, the friar, positioned in the center, looks up at the sky with his arms crossed over his chest, addressing the heavens directly, holding a crucifix in his right hand.
At the feet of Bartolomeo, the aftermath of an attack towards an indigenous couple is depicted: the husband, who has been brutally murdered lies on the floor to the right, while the wife clinging to the friar, seeks his protection in the middle of this terrible tragedy. Additionally, in the lower left corner of the painting, one can see a burning incense stick that has been knocked over, the columns in the background are broken and a flowerpot filled with white flowers has been destroyed.
Alongside the painting "Galileo en la Universidad de Padua demostrando las nuevas teorías astronómicas", created two years prior, can be seen as perfect examples of the ideologies promoted by the school, which sought to promote a modern Mexican identity, taking into account the historical past of ancient Mexico before the Spanish conquest.
Félix Parra's "Fray Bartolomé de las Casas" (1875) condemns the violence inflicted upon Indigenous peoples during the Spanish conquest. At the center, Bartolomé de las Casas stands as a symbol of compassion and justice, looking toward heaven while holding a crucifix, emphasizing his moral opposition to the atrocities around him.
The murdered Indigenous man and the grieving woman seeking refuge at the friar's feet highlight the human suffering caused by colonialism. Broken columns, the shattered flowerpot, and the overturned incense burner symbolize the destruction of Indigenous civilizations and traditions. Painted after the Restoration of the Republic, the work also reflects Mexico's effort to build a national identity by acknowledging its Indigenous heritage and confronting the injustices of its colonial past.
