Threshing

Made by Jivya Soma Mashe (1934-2018), a renowned artist who is recognized internationally for helping Warli art leave its traditional ritualistic setting on mud walls and gain recognition as a contemporary global art form. Warli art is an ancient tribal art dated approximately 2,000 years and has been passed down by Warli people of Thane District of Maharashtra. As much as Warli paintings are a form of artistic expression, they are also a means of communicating between tribal peoples. It depicted their daily life, rituals and celebrations on the mud walls of their home. Traditional Warli art paintings are more of a visual narrative, which is used to convey not just stories but also the region's rich cultural heritage and beliefs. Mashe was born in Dhamangaon, a village in Talasari taluka, Thane district (now Palghar district) Maharashtra, moved to Kalambipada, a village in Dahanu Taluka of Thane, when he was 11 years old. In the 1970s Warli painting underwent a dramatic transformation from its original traditional ceremonial ritualistic use as paintings were then created not solely for special occasions but also on an ongoing basis. Talented artist Jivya Mashe drew considerable attention as well as considerable influence as a pioneer of this style of painting both nationally and internationally which recognized him and culminating with his works exhibited at Projet Tantine’s Magicians of the Earth, Centre Pompidou Pecurti, bringing him rancid and significant notoriety along with inspiration for dozens upon dozens of subsequent young male Warli painters creating primary Ceremonial Warli Paintings. Originally, Warli paintings were created out of mud walls with white rice paste. These tribal artists used shapes like circles, triangles and squares to illustrate the daily life of the tribal communities. Additionally, Warli paintings reflect a commonality in themes such as celebrations, food growing and the agricultural process. It was performed by married women as a ritual on their hut walls for wedding ceremonies or harvest. Mashe was the pioneer who transitioned Warli art from ephemeral mud walls onto portable fabric and paper. However, to ensure the paintings would last permanently on canvas without flaking or deteriorating over time, Mashe transitioned to using durable acrylic white paint. True to his roots, even when working on modern canvas, Mashe often preferred using a rudimentary, fine-tipped bamboo stick or a chewed wooden reed to meticulously apply the paint, allowing him to achieve the highly energetic, vibrating line-work seen in the figure. The central narrative revolves around the harvest cycle. You can see figures engaged in various stages of processing grain carrying bundles on their heads, beating stalks to separate the grain, winnowing, and storing the harvest. In accordance with Warli norms, both human and animal shapes are made up of basic geometric forms. The torso is formed from two triangles by means of joining them on the point of their bases, which is referred to as the "balance" of the body; the head is a circle, while the limbs are made from lines. The bottom left corner is characterized by a large spiral form of dots, which may represent poured grain or the shape of a community dance formation, indicating how life and agriculture are both dynamic and cyclical. The artwork contains not only depictions of fields, it depends on geometrical shapes to a great extent. Circles denote the sun and moon; and triangles and squares are believed to denote mountains, trees, and the human form. Two triangular shapes are joined together at the tip and positioned precariously, signifying the body of men, women, and animals, respectively, signifying the relative balance of the universe In the bottom-left corner, the artwork is signed in Devanagari script: "जिव्या सोमा मशे". According to Jivya Soma Mashe, "Every living being is a part of a greater whole. They all have movement, they exist within time but have a constant motion therefore everything, regardless of whether it is human or animal; bird or insect, exists as part of the cycle of life." The Warli adivasi, Indigenous Peoples of India, reflect back to the most ancient times through the continuation of a long-standing cultural tradition dear to them by providing us with important clues about the foundation of modern day India and many of its religions.