Claude Monet is popularly known as the master of Impressionism. He gained a local reputation as a caricaturist when he was a teenager, but with Eugène Boudin’s guidance he learnt plein air painting and got introduced to artists like Auguste Renoir, Frédréric Bazille etc, who form the first core of Impressionists. FitzGerald (1905) quotes Claude Monet as the “Master of Impressionism”. While the impression was a collective effort and artistic experimentation along with a rebellion against the traditional and rigid French Academic Salon, Monet still stands to be the driving force after the memento. FitzGerald believes that Monet’s painting and artistic approach fundamentally changed modern art and how human perception translates colour, light, etc. It was the instantaneity that Monet needed to capture that made each painting stand out and alive. Monet didn’t just paint a scene but every breath and movement of every element in it, making it real and life-like despite its abstract natured paintings. Monet’s experimentation with colour and techniques revolutionized Modern Art.
In 1890-91, Monet depicted these stacks of wheat or ‘Haystacks’, which were about 15 to 20 feet in real life right outside his house in Giverny. This is a part of a series out of which in 1890, 15 paintings were hung next to each other in Galerie Durand-Ruel in Paris. The exhibition acted as a breakthrough not just for Monet but also in French art.
In the painting, the autumn starts as the stacks of wheat break the setting sun and horizon. In the winter view of the series, all the stacks are laid and bedded down for the season. In this way, the stack acts as a metaphor for survival and sustenance and resilience, much like Monet did before his breakthrough.
Stacks of Wheat (End of Summer) appears to represent the changing seasons and the passage of time. The painting depicts stacks of harvested wheat at the end of summer, suggesting that a period of growth and productivity has come to a close. The calm rural landscape creates a sense of reflection, reminding viewers that nature moves through continuous cycles of growth, harvest, and renewal.
The artwork also highlights the close relationship between humans and nature. The wheat stacks are the result of hard work and cultivation, symbolizing the rewards of labor and perseverance. At the same time, the surrounding landscape and changing light emphasize that human activities are still connected to the rhythms of the natural world. This balance between human effort and nature's influence gives the painting a sense of harmony.
Another important aspect of the painting is its focus on light and atmosphere. As an Impressionist work by Claude Monet, the painting is less concerned with precise details and more interested in capturing a specific moment in time. The colors and lighting create a mood that feels both peaceful and temporary, suggesting that every moment is unique and cannot be repeated.
Overall, I interpret the painting as a reminder that change is a natural part of life. The harvested wheat symbolizes accomplishment and the completion of a cycle, while the end-of-summer setting hints at the arrival of a new season. The message I take from the artwork is to appreciate the beauty of the present moment and recognize that endings often lead to new beginnings.
