The painting "El descubrimiento del pulque" (The Discovery of Pulque) by Mexican artist José María Obregón, painted in the year 1869, due to the restauration of the Mexican Republic in 1867, the National School of Bellas Artes in Mexico City started promoting the interest towards pre-hispanic Mexican history as part of a liberal cultural project, which aimed to reinforce the national identity through art. In consequence, José María Obregón took inspiration of an important episode of Mexican history during the Tolteca Era. The painting depicts Xóchitil, an indigenous girl followed by her family, who can be seen offering the King Tula a small vase filled with a drink, which according the tradition she discovered. The King Tula, short after impressed by her beauty decided to marry her. In addition, in the background a multitude of people can be seen, witnessing the act and discussing it, a historical moment of the birth of one of the most important drinks in the culinary history of Mexico.
Years after historians started questioning the truth of this legend, after researching it, an error had been found in the interpretation of the historical texts, as the drink which was originally been presented to the King Tula was in fact not Pulque, but a candy flavoured drink. However, the historical importance of the painting was preserved, as an example of the building of a national identity during the 19th century.
The year 1867 was a crucial period in Mexican history, it was when the Republic was restored after the defeat of the Second Mexican Empire and the restored republic government led by Benito Juárez gave more focus to the pre-Hispanic themes and its representation in Mexican art. It was during this period when Mexican artist José Maria Obregón decided to depict a legendary event in Mexican history from around 900 A.D. In this painting, Obregón depicted people with indigenised features , dressed in exotic garments and placed inside a palace-like building. The story shows a young woman offering Tecpancaltzin, the King of Tula, a drink called Pulque, that she has discovered. Enchanted by her beauty, the king later marries the young woman. The painting provides an important visual representation of Mexican history and how the restored Republic focused on the indigenous themes instead of following colonial European influences in Mexican art.
