The V&A purchased the manuscript in 1896 from Frances Clarke, the widow of Major General John Clarke, who bought it in India while serving as Commissioner of Oudh between 1858 and 1862.
Purchased from Mrs. Clarke, The Dingle, Sydenham Hill, S. E. This acquisition information reflects that found in the Museum records (Asia Department registers and/or Central Inventory) as part of a 2023 provenance research project.
This brilliant folio from the imperial Akbarnama captures a seminal moment of political consolidation, translating the relentless trajectory of Mughal hegemony into a sophisticated visual choreography. Illustrated by the court master Madhav Kalan between 1592 and 1595, the painting depicts the 1561 capitulation of the strategic fort of Gagraun. What is profoundly striking here is not the raw mechanics of warfare, but the psychological economy of empire. As Abu’l Fazl’s text implies, Akbar’s sovereign aura had expanded to such an extent that his mere physical proximity compelled submission without the firing of a single cannon.Madhav Kalan masterfully articulates this power dynamic through a highly structured, vertical spatial narrative. The governor of the Rajasthani fort, humbled and stripped of defensive posture, presents the keys to the enthroned emperor. By placing the act of submission at the focal nexus of the composition, Kalan transforms a volatile military frontier into a site of courtly ritual. The red inscription in the lower border bearing Kalan’s name acts as both an administrative footprint of the royal workshop (kitabkhana) and a testament to the highly coordinated division of labour that defined Akbari aesthetics.Ultimately, this painting functions as a mirror of kingship. It is an artifact explicitly engineered to validate Akbar’s divinely sanctioned authority, passing from his hands into the imperial libraries of Jahangir and Shah Jahan as a continuous lineage of power. Through Kalan's meticulous brushwork and vibrant palette, the chaotic reality of territorial expansion is elevated into an enduring testament of imperial destiny, proving that in the Mughal imagination, the pen, the brush, and the sovereign presence were infinitely more potent than the sword.
This artwork attributed to the renowned artist Madhav Kalan depicts the Governor of Gagraun submitting the keys of his fort in Kotah, Rajasthan, to Akbar in the year 1561. Apparently, he had submitted to the Akbar without engaging in warfare, fearful of the repercussions and the status of Akbar.
