Claude-Joseph Vernet (1714-1789) was renowned for this tranquil coastal landscapes often reflecting Enlightenment ideas about nature, social order, travel, and the pleasure of observation. There is nothing urgent happening in this painting; instead, the main focus is the atmosphere. Landscapes of the 18th century became less about narrative and more about experiences nature through feeling and the natural world. Vernet’s colour palette is restrained but gives a Mediterranean warmth with cool undertones of the sea and the green trees. He creates harmony through the subtle palette giving depth to the quality of the painting. Moreover, the diffused sunlight adds an almost hazy effect to the scene, which influenced many 19th century painters, such as J.M.W. Turner. In the art world the sea often symbolises exploration, opportunity, and uncertainty; it connected nations allowing them to prosper with trade but also remained uncontrollable to humankind. The arriving ship signifies a safe return, a successful missions and civilisation overcoming the distance between countries. The lighthouse, forming a strong vertical axis to ground the scene, guides the ship, personifying reason and stability after a long voyage. In the foreground Vernet has included a group of fashionable visitors arriving at shore with their gaze directed towards the sea and the ship entering the harbour. These visitors symbolise the educated people travelling specifically to admire the aesthetic nature and beautiful scenery of foreign countries. Vernet has juxtaposed leisure, wealth, labour, and everyday survival creating a balanced composition despite this contrast. Rather than including a narrative, Vernet has portrayed a mood, a spirit, an ambience. He has depicted the celebration between humanity and nature, travel, prosperity, and the beauty found in mundane coastal life of the 18th century. Vernet has illustrated the ideal vision of life: coexistence alongside the natural world.
The painting above presents a fine example of early Romanticera in Europe in which nature, human emotions, suffering and life are the main focus of art.
