A bakers son from Amiens, twenty-five years old and burning with the need to prove himself, entered the crowded studio of the École des Beaux-Arts in 1861. His name was Jules Lefebvre. He had one shot at the Prix de Rome, the scholarship that would separate him from the provincial obscurity of his father's trade and launch him into the firmament of official French painting. For his submission, he chose not a scene of triumph or apotheosis, but a murder. The Death of Priam, now housed in the very school that launched it (catalogue number PRP 111), is a work of astonishing, unsettling intimacy, an academic exercise that transcends its genre to become a raw confrontation with mortality.
Lefebvre based his tableau on Virgil's Aeneid (Book II, lines 506–558), a moment of total, systematic brutality. The Greeks have breached the walls of Troy. Neoptolemus, the son of Achilles, has already butchered Polites, Priam's youngest son, as the boy cowered at the family altar. Now he turns on the king himself. Lefebvre freezes this instant not at the moment of impact, but in the terrible, suspended breath before it.
The composition is a masterful study of formal contrasts. Neoptolemus looms, a tower of youth and violence in polished armour. His body is a collection of taut diagonals: the raised arm, the forward thrust of his leg, the curve of his back as he braces for the blow. Priam collapses in a heap of nudity and resignation. His flesh is thin, his beard grey, his posture that of a suppliant who knows his prayers are wasted. Lefebvre surrounds them with the rubble of empire: a fallen column, a crumpled corpse, the shadow of Hecuba frozen in a silent, spectral scream. But the true subject is the gaze. Neoptolemus looks away, at the task, at the future, at anything but the face of the man he is about to extinguish. Priam, however, looks directly at his killer. There is no hatred in his eyes. There is no fear. There is only the exhausted, unbearable recognition of a father who has outlived every other father's nightmare.
This is not a painting about the glory of war. It is a painting about the collapse of the patriarch, the defeat of the old world by a younger, crueler one. Lefebvre painted it to win a prize, and it worked. He spent the rest of his career painting decorous nudes and society portraits, soft things, beautiful things, a bankable success. But in this early canvas, locked in the archives of the school that made him, he left behind a masterwork of unsoftened violence. It is not a painting I admire. It is a painting I cannot forget.
The painting Death of Priam by Jules Joseph Lefebvre (1836-1911) allows for a grand-scale depiction of the mythological murder of the elderly Trojan King Priam by the Greek warrior Neoptoleumus. The artist has captured the emotionally powerful moment which symbolizes the brutal climax of the Trojan war. Talking of the composition, the main character of Neoptolemus, the Greek warrior is shown as grasping and dragging the elderly King Priam by the hair toward a sacrificial altar. The elderly king is shown as kneeling, depicting the certainty of the impending doom, the background further enhanced the painting with its chaotic flames and smoke of the burning city of Troy. The painting shows neoclassical influences with its accurate rendering of the human anatomy and Lefebvre’s academic training can also be seen with the fine detailing of textures, i.e - the armoury of Nepotolemus. The colour palette has wide use of warm reds and oranges which are utilised for the fiery background, evoking the heat and also chaos of Troy’s fall. The artist has used spotlight-effect with the use of colour palette and therefore the central focus of the viewer will go on the two main central figures, and the background is kept dark to enhance the drama of the event.
