Spain

Francisco Domingo y Marqués (1842-1920), a very influential Valencian painter, painted Spain (España), an exceptionality in genre (costumbrismo) in colour. The animal, the human figure, the light and the environment are an honest, unpretentious, sunny depiction of rural Iberian life in a rustic courtyard outside a farm building or tavern. The visual centre (in the form of two donkeys, a light brown and a darker one shown in proximity to a wine barrel) is portrayed naturalistically and sensitively. To the right, a solitary worker in peasant attire is quietly performing a mundane task, casting a pronounced shadow on the paving stones beneath his feet, in the harsh daylight. Domingo y Marqués employs warm, dusty colours, many of which are earthy ochres, soft greys and stone hues. The light of the Mediterranean pours through here, accentuating the animals and his perfect control of the direct light and the texture of the air in the outdoor image. Francisco Domingo y Marqués was one of the most relevant transitional painters between the academic realism of the 19th century and the modern light studies of Impressionism. He studied at Real Academia de Bellas Artes de San Carlos in Valencia, and in Rome and Paris, where he learned the virtuosity of Mariano Fortuny and the naturalism of Diego Velázquez. In Spain, he demonstrates his mature Parisian style, employing small-scale and very detailed cabinet painting techniques, and loose, expressive brushwork. Domingo y Marqués presents a realistic and nostalgic image of rural Spain, not the romantic or exotic one that visitors might expect, to highlight the dignity and good breeding of rural Spain.