Originally part of the illustrated Razmnama manuscript (c. 1616); subsequently removed from the manuscript and now held by the British Museum, London.
The Mughal miniature painting known as Kṛṣṇa and the Pandavas Watering Their Horses dates from about 1616 and is linked with the illustrated Razmnama, the Persian version of the Mahabharata. It is credited to the Mughal painter Kamal and was painted on paper. The picture shows Kṛṣṇa along with the Pandavas taking a break to water their horses, thus presenting an ordinary moment of rest within the broader epic narrative. Instead of concentrating on a major battle or a dramatic clash, the artist has depicted the figures in a more tranquil environment, surrounded by horses and a carefully arranged landscape. The composition brings together human figures, animals, vegetation and rocky ground to form a lively yet balanced scene. The figures are shown with precisely drawn costumes, ornaments and gestures, illustrating the detailed nature of Mughal manuscript painting. Kṛṣṇa can be recognised by his blue skin, a key visual feature that artists have used to identify him in scenes from the Mahabharata. The landscape is not merely a background but serves to structure the composition and gives the impression of depth. The carefully painted horses are also significant, since they link the peaceful activity illustrated here with the wider themes of travel, warfare and the movement of royalty that occur throughout the Razmnama. The painting shows how Mughal artists adapted episodes from Indian epic literature into the visual style of the imperial workshop, blending Persian manuscript traditions with Indian subjects and characters. Because of its detailed figures, natural setting and restrained narrative action, the piece turns a simple incident into an engaging portrayal of the Pandavas' journey and their relationship with Kṛṣṇa. The painting is especially important since it reflects the Mughal court's interest in translating and visually interpreting Sanskrit literary traditions for a Persian-reading audience.
This artwork is from Razmnama which is the Persian illustrated version of the great epic Ramayana in this painting Pandavas which were five brothers are seen watering their horses along with Krishna.
