- E. E. [Edward Earle] Meugens [1875–1929], Calcutta and England, by descent to J. R. Meugens.
- 1929–1969 J. R. Meugens.
- July 1, 1969, Sotheby’s, London, Important Oriental Manuscripts and Miniatures, 1 July 1969, lot 80, sold to Ralph Benkaim.
- 1969–2013, Ralph Benkaim [1914–2001] and Catherine Glynn Benkaim [b. 1946], Beverly Hills, CA, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art
- 2013– present, The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH
The artwork titled "Hunting with Falcons in a landscape”, features a verso adorned with calligraphy of Chagatai Turkish poems celebrating wine. This compact, double-sided piece is linked to the rich artistic tradition of the Mughal court. The painting is attributed to the artist Abd-al-Samad, while the exquisite calligraphy is the work of Sultan Muhammad Nur and Mirza Muhammad. It is dated approximately between 1558 and 1560, although some records suggest a broader timeframe from 1553 to 1565. The recto of the piece depicts a princely hunting scene focused on falconry, an activity deeply intertwined with Mughal aristocratic life. The Mughal princes, often mounted on horseback, would hunt with falcons, riding into open terrain to flush out their prey from the underbrush.
The image effectively juxtaposes the controlled movement of the mounted hunting party with the sudden, airborne action implied by the trained bird. Falconry was not merely a practical means of capturing game; it was also a pursuit practised at royal courts, where falcons were meticulously groomed and trained as elite hunters. In this context, the bird symbolises discipline, refinement, and princely authority. The title's emphasis on the landscape situates the hunt within a broader natural setting, rather than depicting the falcon as a solitary emblem. The landscape acts as both habitat and stage: underbrush conceals the quarry, open ground allows the riders to advance, and the sky provides the space for envisioning the falcon's controlled flight. The contrast between the human figures, their horses, and the bird’s aerial perspective establishes a visual relationship between terrestrial movement and elevated vision. Additionally, imagery of falconry has often been associated with bravery and the art of war, further imbuing the scene with themes of courage and power.
The verso alters the character of the work from an animated narrative to a concentrated literary display. It features Chaghatai Turkish poems in praise of wine, transforming the object into a dialogue between image and text. The hunting scene evokes motion, pursuit, and the outdoors, while the verso shifts the focus toward poetry, language, and cultivated pleasure. This juxtaposition reflects the courtly realm in which physical achievements and literary refinement could align as two facets of the same exquisite object. The materials used in the work underscore its luxury and intimacy. The use of gold have enhanced the page's brilliance, while ink served both the painted imagery and the calligraphic text. Borders, likely added in the 1700s, suggest that the object continued to be cherished and preserved long after its original creation.
In its concise format, this work intricately weaves together Mughal hunting culture, Persian artistic mastery, Chaghatai Turkish poetry, and the nuanced visual language of manuscript painting. This pairing also highlights the connection between falconry and visual art: both rely on directed sight, with hawks boasting remarkably superior vision. This notion enhances the scene's focus on observation and pursuit. Ultimately, it presents a compelling collaboration that links the literary sensibilities of Sultan Muhammad Nur and Mirza Muhammad with the pictorial sophistication of Abd-al-Samad.
This double-sided Mughal artwork represents the harmonious duality of courtly life, action and contemplation, power and refinement, by pairing a princely falconry hunt on the recto with Chagatai Turkish wine poems on the verso. The falcon, trained yet wild, symbolises discipline, elevated vision, and princely authority, while the landscape serves as both stage and habitat, linking terrestrial pursuit with airborne control. The verso’s calligraphic celebration of wine shifts the tone from outdoor motion to cultivated literary pleasure, suggesting that physical prowess and aesthetic sensibility are two facets of the same elite identity. The collaboration of painter Abd-al-Samad with calligraphers Sultan Muhammad Nur and Mirza Muhammad further fuses image and text, hunting and poetry, into a single luxurious object that embodies Mughal ideals of courage, sophistication, and refined observation.
