A lacquer pen-box, depicting scenes of 'Shaykh Sanan and a Christian maiden'

Signed by Ya Shah Najaf, which was a signature used by Najaf ʿAli, a member of the acclaimed Najaf family of the Persian Qajar period, this pen box depicts scenes from a fable known as 'Shaykh Sanan and a Christian maiden'. The story is commonly associated with its place in 'The Conference of the Birds', a poem and book by famous Persian poet, Farid al-din ‘Attar. Within the poem, the birds are on a journey to find their king and when they start to have doubts and second-guess their goal, the hoopoe bird tells them the story of Shaykh Sanan, a pious and highly respected older man from Makkah who falls in love with a young Christian lady from Türkiye. Within the story, the lady does not share his feelings and mocks him for it, reminding him of their large age gap among other differences between them. When the Shaykh persists that his love is unconditional, she gives him four demands including renouncing his faith and drinking wine. The pen box displays this very scene on its lid, where the Shaykh drinks wine from the lady's hands and his disciples watch in despair at witnessing their revered teacher lose himself to such a love. On the sides are unrelated scenes of hunting and portraits, which are painted in a notably European-influenced style. The framing of these scenes is detailed floral patterning with what also appears to be a European accent, creating a sense of storytelling through the composition despite these scenes having little to do with each other in terms of origins.